We are a premier construction company with over 18 years experiencie dedicated to turning your visions into reality. With a proven track record of delivering outstanding results, we specialize in home construction and renovation high-quality, innovative, and sustainable construction solutions.
Roof Replacement
Roof replacement is a construction and maintenance service that involves the complete removal and replacement of an existing roof structure on a building. This service is typically performed when a roof has reached the end of its lifespan, suffered extensive damage, or requires upgrading for improved energy efficiency and weather resistance. Roof replacement involves the removal of old roofing materials, inspection of the underlying structure for any necessary repairs, and the installation of new roofing materials, such as shingles, tiles, or metal sheets, to ensure a durable and watertight roofing system that provides protection to the building and its occupants from the elements.
- Does your home need a new look? Our talented and experienced team can help in so many ways. We handle all kinds of home renovation services for every room in your home, and we can also build you an entire new home. Please call us or email us, for a no-obligation consultation for your project.
- 613Renovation is a full-service renovation company in Ottawa, Ontario. Our focus on customer service.
- A&A RENOVATIONS AND CONSTRUCTION is one of the most experienced and respected building and civil construction firms in the Ottawa region. We have been transforming the ideas and visions of our clients into amazing projects. We build with the intention of exceeding our clients expectations for safety, quality,…
- A1 Home Improvements Inc. is your Ottawa area Home Improvement Specialist! We offer our customers exceptional results at affordable prices. Most importantly, we establish peace of mind with our customers through our professional approach to business and high quality results.
- A Team of Ottawa General Contractors Specializing In Home Renovations & Commercial Services.
- Ace Renovations is an owner operated general contractor focused on high service quality and standards. Our goal is not only to deliver high quality construction habits, but to develop a long lasting relationship with our clients moving forward. We focus on trust, full disclosure and honest practices through open…
- Unique designs and furniture to set your renovations apart from the others
- We are a full service General Contractor/ Design/ Build Company.Our work covers drawing, Permits and inspections from sub grade excavation to completed projects, including all aspects of construction.
- Yves St Onge, Owner and Head Contractor at Alyve Contractors, has been in the industry for over 35 years. Yves was once taping and finishing custom homes and has since moved into managing drywall quality control for some of the largest builders in the Ottawa area.
- Residential & commercial renovations Servicing North Bay, ON & all surrounding areas.
- Property developer
- Barazan General Contractors is a family owned and operated company based in Ottawa, Ontario. For the past 30 years, Barazan General Contractors has strived to build and maintain professional relationships with our clients, by making customer satisfaction our top priority. Our credentials include the completion of countless…
- BBL Construction operates as a general contractor in the fields of residential, commercial and institutional construction in the greater Outaouais region. Two business partners who have overseen the development of several projects apply their respective skills to offer unbeatable customer satisfaction.
- I am writing to introduce you to Big Red Contracting, your one-stop-shop for all your construction needs. If you are looking to build a new home or cottage, we have the expertise to make your dream a reality. We can also assist in building your dream cottage on an island, creating a space that is truly unique and personal…
- With 25 years of experience in construction and contracting services, the Binaa team delivers quality services geared towards residential homes and commercial properties.
- Brownstone Homes is dedicated to ensuring the satisfaction of our clients. We want you to come home to the house of your dreams, the house that truly speaks to you as an individual, the home that is tailor-made to fit you and your family. At Brownstone Homes and Renovations, we focus on high quality products delivered at…
- Canadian Capital Construction is a top construction company serving Ottawa.
- All types & multiple Home Improvements from Small, Medium & Large scale !
- Weve got all your needs covered: from residential customs, to commercial damage repairs and everything in between. Dont hesitate to ask us a question or inquire as to why a certain process has to take place. All of our staff are friendly and knowledgeable because we know what its like to be in your shoes.
- Is your home maintenance to-do list bigger than you are?If so, its time to call Devine Hands. Our professional and insured technicians have years of experience in various trades, so completing your to-do list takes only one call. From replacing grout in the bathroom to installing a fan in the attic, Devine Hands can tackle…
- We are a design-build renovator located in Ottawa. We craft beautiful home renovations, like bathrooms, kitchens, and basements, as well as home additions and custom builds.
- ELITE General Contracting is a local renovation and design construction company serving the GTA and surrounding.
- James having over 30 years of experience in the construction industry and Fabio over 35 years of experience in the service industry, Fabs Elite Painting and Home Improvement is unlike any other construction company in the National Capital Region. We combines highest quality workmanship with the customer service you would…
- Fine Touch Renovations has been satisfying renovation needs in the Greater Ottawa Area for several years. We are a professional, highly-reputable company that thrives on perfection and is always ready to meet new challenges. Whether you need our services on a small or large project, our expertise will help you achieve your…
- Finelines Roofing in Ottawa proudly serves the surrounding areas roofing & renovation needs. Whether you are looking for a new roof, home renovations or improvements, it pays to use a contractor you can trust. FineLines Roofing & Renovations is committed to excellent workmanship & one on one customer care.dYour…
- Fiorecorp Contractors INC is a finishing company based in Orleans.Offering personalized, one on one, excellent customer service We are a small local company with a team of experienced tradesmen that specialize in Painting, Plaster, Trims, Crown Moldings, Stairs Reface, and Flooring, and any kind of Interior Finishes).
- Your specialist in skylights, renovations, installations for shingles & metal roofing We provide 24 hour emergency repair service
- Whether you are planning a small scale renovation or an ambitious addition, you will find our unique, relationship-based approach is unprecedented. All our jobs are treated with importance, giving each opportunity immediate attention. Supported by a fully capable team, our extensive efforts are result orientated.Our in…
- Joe Salvati is a Master Finishing Carpenter who has been involved in general contracting and project management and remodeling for many years. With over 15 years experience, he brings with him a wealth of construction knowledge.Joe sums up G.Salvati Construction with this statement: I truly believe that to grow your…
- Gala Style is your choice for professional, quality residential home improvement in Ottawa. We offer superior workmanship, strong customer services. Offering full renovation with lowest price for all our costumers. We have over 8 years experience and work with a small group of skilled professionals. Have us give a FREE…
- My name is Tom Gallivan. My buildings have clean, sleek, ageless lines. Theyre my work, my life. I stake my reputation on them. Perfection is what I expect, not only of myself, but of my team. I work with the finest consultants, contractors, subtrades and suppliers, shoulder to shoulder with the best specialty…
- Renovations and Home additions
- General Repairs and Renovations Inc., takes pride in its excellent record of honesty and integrity. Our attention to detail and our high quality of workmanship has earned us an excellent reputation in the community. As a reputable general contractor with a high degree of confidence in our product we offer an above industry…
- We are a full service General Contractor offering custom residential renovations, with a passion for fine finish carpentry and custom woodwork. We provide day-to-day oversight of the construction site, management of the vendors and trades, and communicate information to all involved parties throughout the course of a…
- Gibbon Construction is an Ottawa-based construction company providing residential and commercial renovations and general contracting to the Ottawa and surrounding area. We pride ourselves on offering a premium level of craftsmanship and service. At Gibbon Construction, our focus is on providing our clients with the best…
- We dont just work for you. We work with you to find the solution that suits your needs and fits your budget. That means providing you with options. It means coming up with practical, creative solutions to the unconventional challenges that household repairs sometimes present. It means providing you with clear, detailed…
- Go Pro Restoration Inc. is a rapidly growing company within the restoration and construction industry that is recognized as a leader in restoration in the Ottawa area. We take pride in building strong ties and lasting relationships with insurance companies, our customers, our suppliers, and our dedicated team membersOur…
- Godkin and Sons is a handyman and general contracting business, with focus on our customers needs. Originally founded in 1954 by George Godkin, today his grandson CJ is the proud proprietor of the company. We operate and cater mainly to Ottawa and immediately surrounding areas.
- For most of us our home is one of our most valuable and precious assets. Regardless of the scope of your home improvement project, finding the right contractor is paramount and will increase the return on your investment and take the worry out of home renovations. Our team is fully licensed and insured and your renovation…
- Providing our clients with best-in-class service and project outcomes is driven by our transparent approach to client engagement where we do what we say and say what we do, where anything less is unacceptable.Founded in 2018 with roots in the National Capital Region, GrandCor is a construction project management company…
- We listen. We care. We deliver. Serving the greater Ottawa area. Specializing in custom renovations of all kinds. You tell us your dreams, we build them.
- Masonry
- Heartnest Homes specializes in quality home renovations at an affordable price.
- Timberframe structures, residential, agricultural, out-buildings, gazebos, pavillions, pergolas, bunkies, outdoor kitchens, sheds, decorative exterior and interior trusses, and timberwork.
- At Highbridge Construction our mission is to connect, communicate and commit to all homeowners and commercial clients to deliver above expectations, no matter the size of the project. We promise to deliver an unparalleled experience for our homeowners throughout the process. From the initial meeting to the turnover and…
- Holland Renovations: Design, Build, Renovate. Holland Homes and Renovations is an establsihed General Contractor in the Ottawa area We are both a Home Builder and a renovations company, capable of completing any residential home project Our staff is professional, energetic and dedicated to customer service. Our…
- YOUR HOME RENOVATION SPECIALIST We have been in the home renovation business for over 20 years, providing our clients with professional service and superior workmanship. We treat your home like its our own !!We are fully insured and bondable.We focus on residential renovations and repairs. No job is too big ... or too…
- 艺鑫装修真诚的为广大客户提供质优价廉的家居装修和维修服务。我们立足长远谋发展、注重质量树口碑，始终把工程质量放在首位，把客户的满意作为标准。真诚期待为您改善家居。 Yi Xin decoration in good faith for our customers with quality home improvement and maintenance services. We seek a long-term development, focus on quality reputation of the tree, and always give top priority to quality engineering, and…
- Ottawas first choice in Home Renovations
- Providing general contracting and residential services including: Interior and exterior renovations, additions, decks and porches, rooflines and landscape.Aswell as specializing in commercial, institutional, retail, and restaurant fit-ups and renovations. Offering competitive pricing and quality workmanship on projects…
- At J.D.Y. Design, we are focused on making your home building project a reality, and will do everything we can to meet your expectations.
- We Are Currently Not Accepting New Clients.
- We are a construction management company that focuses primarily on residential renovations and additions. From custom decks, bathrooms and kitchens, to whole home makeovers. With a wide range of dependable sub contractors we have the ability to serve any construction need.
- Rénovations ..!
- Were a small and professional company that been around for almost 40 years nowwe dedicate our selfs to satisfy our customers and offer the best work possible.
- Your projects should be fun and exciting, and we strive for this to no end. Your project will be professionally managed,while maintaining a personal touch from start to finish. Our primary goal is to ensure that you feel comfortable and at
- We believe everyone has a love for creating a space that will make them feel comfortable. Our goal is to help you create that space.
- Kenneth C. Pope is one of the most trusted advisors in Ontario providing solutions to families with a family member with a disability, and his focus is to discuss with them putting in place Henson Trusts, which will ensure that the child with a disability will not be penalized for their inheritance while receiving the…
- Here at Kerr Karpentry, we focus on residential renovations and repairs. We will strive to make your dreams a reality and will provide professional services from start to finish. With over 27 years of experience we are committed to finish each and every job with 100% quality and satisfaction.
- Custom cabinetry, Design build, renovations, new construction
- Custom Home Builders and Developers
- Kovar Contracting is Ottawas premier general contracting firm with over 25 years of experience. We specialize in both interior and exterior home renovations, all types of siding, re-roofing & roofing repairs, and new construction. We provide our customers with the highest quality materials and service. We can take…
- We are innovative custom builders of healthy, energy-efficient and environmentally responsible homes, additions, and renovations.We help our clients make educated, informed decisions as they transform their living spaces – the result is design excellence with a clean conscience.
- Combining years of experience with a dedication to client satisfaction, Labelle Home & Design Inc. has established itself as the local leader in Remodeling, Custom Home Builders and Home Remodeling Contractors.When it comes to Remodeling, Custom Home Builders and Home Remodeling Contractors, no one compares to Labelle…
- For over 45 years, Latulippe Home Renovations have been providing the very best in planning, building and supplying superior craftsmanship for building projects and home renovations in the Ottawa and surrounding areas.A family business owned and operated by the Latulippe family. From Father to Son, Latulippe Home…
- Smart and stylish general contracting for Ottawa and surrounding cottage country. A full service firm for all your residential construction needs - inside the house or out in the yard. We always impress our clientele by delivering fabulous projects at a wide range of budgets and sizes - Whatever suits them best! Contact…
- Whether it is for a new construction or a complete renovation, an extension on your home or any other minor or major project, and Les Constructions Vallières et Frères can share tasks or deliver a turnkey project, we have the expertise needed in construction and renovation to fulfill your most extravagant wishes.We offer…
- You can trust the expertise and know-how of a family business specialized in creating your dreams! Our team will build or renovate your residence so you have optimal quality of life on a daily basis, for your well-being and that of your family. Your dreams are made to come true by a team you can trust due to their…
- We are an excellentcommercial locksmithdedicated to delivering solutions that really work. Our aim is to help our customers replace car key, repair broken locks, install updated security systems and more. We are very committed to doing our job, so youll always get the best services any time you need one.
- Locksmith Manotick is the areas undisputed provider of amazing and affordable emergency locksmith service. We understand every single type of lock problem, and we have also helped repair thousands of broken car keys, transponder keys and ignition keys. We are your best choice for all your locksmith worries.
- We take pride with our outstanding locksmith service that has been in this business for years. From emergency lockout, to deadbolt installation, were sure we can help. Our highly skilled locksmiths, who are honest, prompt, and friendly, have long years of experience in this field.
- Ottawas Finishing Professionals. Quality Custom Home Renovations. Designed and Built to meet your expectations.
- M & T Glass has been serving the Ottawa area for over 30 years. We are a family owned and operated business with an excellent reputation for superior customer service, versatility, and above all, quality craftsmanship. A reputation were very proud of, and intend to maintain.As part of our customer service package, most…
- We stand apart for our ability to get the job done right. We are able to provide construction and trade disciplines throughout Eastern Ontario for commercial, industrial, health care, institutional, and residential projects, in both the public and private sectors.With over 100 years collective experience, customers have…
- Making old houses beautiful up to date and livable.
- Custom Home designer and Builder
- Matt Scharf Residential Construction is a full house renovation and custom build company serving the entire Ottawa-Suburban South and rest of Ottawa, ON surrounding areas.
- Renovation contractor
- Renovation and home maintenance
- We have a simple saying at Meadow Creek Renovations, done once, done right. This really does sum up our work, and we offer a written warranty to guarantee it. Our aim is your satisfaction through exceptional products, workmanship and customer service.This website will introduce you to Meadow Creek Renovations through some…
- New custom home design and construction. Custom addition design and construction.
- OverviewMichael J. Martin is originally from the east coast arriving in Ottawa in 1982, he raised a family and began his working career. He operated a successful Residential Renovations company serving the community for over 30 years.Education and Training1985 Graduated. Algonquin College, Carpentry2003 – 2016: Various…
- Custom design and home builder
- Mojak Construction is a family owned business whose owner, Jacques Tremblay is a certified carpenter and a conscientious worker who has his clients at heart. Many of our indoor & outdoor projects, whether commercial, industrial or residential include Stamped Concrete. Over the past years Mojak Construction have built…
- Since 1989, M.O.T. Construction has been providing quality commercial, institutional, and residential renovations as well as new construction in the greater Ottawa area. We pride ourselves in high-end, guaranteed workmanship delivered in a professional and timely manner with the customers satisfaction always being our…
- Were a modern, technologically savvy, general contracting corporation that is accustom to dealing with remote investors, and cottage owners. With teams in Bancroft, and Ottawa, Ontario we serve Cottage and Home owners with elite, communicative, accurate, quality projects. Skilled in home/cottage renovations and new…
- We bring fresh ideas to all of our construction projects. We find the fastest and most efficient solution to complete a set task. We will also make a living space come to life with something new and at its best. At NC Construction we offer up to a 10 year warranty to give you peace of mind for your construction projects. We…
- Nepean Handyman is a professional handyman service provider in Ottawa, ON with more than 3 years of experience. Call and schedule an appointment today!Drywall Installation, Painting Service, Bathroom Remodeling, Electrical Service, Residential HandymanNepean, ON; Aylmer, ON; Russell, ON; Orleans, ON; Stittsville,…
- Most significant renovations require the services of a number of professionals from plumbers and electricians to interior decorators, painters and landscapers and more. We have worked with, and have access to, the people we need to make a project a success. But the most important team in the project is the one involving…
- With 10 years of experience in residential renovations, Pat Carey of Newfoundland Renovations brings a fresh take to any project. Bringing thoughtful and reliable expertise to your project including home renovations, flooring, ceramic tile, siding, windows, doors, decks, kitchens, bathrooms and so much more. As a fully…
- Welcome to Newson Interiors! We are a local business focusing on home renovations and upgrades. Please contact us today for a free estimate.
- Home Builder
- From start to finish NC Carpentry Ottawa makes your life easier by designing, developing, and building your new basement renovation, home addition, bathroom renovation, kitchen design or garage construction exactly how youve dreamed. With our professional service, affordable prices, and honest construction team customer…
- At Northco Services, we provide custom home renovations services throughout all of Ottawa and Gatineau. In addition, we also provide services in interior painting, exterior painting, kitchen renovations, bathroom renovations, basement renovations, siding installation, roofing and cabinets painting. We believe in providing…
- Founded in 2005, OBC Ottawa Building Company has built a reputation for its top quality and immediate renovation & construction services offered in Ottawa area.Our workmanship and considerate service will impress you; we will help you on every phase of your project with respect and fairness. We handle all types of…
- General Contractor
- General Contractor. Millwork, Cabinetry and Trim Work Specialists. Accent walls. Tiling
- Ottawa Metro Towing & Recovery Specialty Tow Truck / Roadside AssistanceOttawa Metro Towing & Recovery offers fast, inexpensive and professional towing services throughout the Ottawa Valley region. We make our profits through a large volume of tows every single day - so we dont need to overcharge for any one call.…
- More than 10 years experience in providing interior and exterior stucco for residential houses and commercial buildings in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. We offer free estimates and on-site consultations.
- Weve got all your needs covered: from residential renovations, to commercial damage repairs and everything in between. All of our staff are friendly and knowledgeable because we know what its like to be in your shoes. We want you to know just how special you and your project are to us, so we do our very best to ensure that…
- Wow, we are honored! If you are reading this that means we made it from a quick search to an actual contender to do your project. Yay! We love all things construction! See that goofy picture, thats me, Michael. Im the owner and founder of OUTBUILT Construction Inc. If you call, Ill answer and we will meet to talk about…
- Contracting
- Paul Myk Construction is a full service general contracting firm with over 15 years of experience that offers tailored solutions to its clients. We take the time to listen to your needs and with our experienced craftsmanship, deliver a product that is of unparalleled quality.
- Free estimate, advice, alternative opinions... At Pavage Outaouais, we approach every job with the care you deserve, and customize our solutions to your requirements. Our mission: To guarantee your complete satisfaction. We proceed quickly, and with competitive prices.
- Penguin Basements Ottawa will help with great advice, great design, secured permits and our renowned project management all the way through to ensure your basement not only meets your expectations but exceeds them. With services such as basement planning, finishing, repair, waterproofing, foundation repair, crawl space…
- Continuing the family business of custom home building and renovations. Over 20 years of successful projects.
- Renovations Home ImprovementsFences and Decks
- In addition to providing a wide range of CNC milling and turning services, PILOT PRECISIONis a partner of KISAAN DIE TECH, a certified manufacturer of open and closed die forgings.This unique partnership means that PILOT PRECISION has complete process control, from material selection, through forging to machining. PILOT…
- Potter Renovations is a full service general contracting company. We have renovated kitchens, bathrooms, basements and entire homes to create exceptional home comfort.We are also experts in outdoor living with over 30 years experience in interlock, decks, and outdoor structures.
- Husband and wife design and renovation team, specializing in whole home renovations, aging-in-place renovations and pre-sale preparation/repair work.
- Qualified Trades Contracting is a full service design and build Renovation Company that creates beautiful spaces in which a homeowner can be proud to call their home. Teamwork is an essential component of our business. Each and every day we work with local suppliers to find the best materials and the best resources to…
- Ottawa based company providing renovations from start to finish, as well as custom millwork.
- Mark Ostapyk is the owner of ReMarkable Construction. An all encompassing general contracting business that covers fine carpentry, minor renovations, additions, and new builds. In the short time Mark has been in Ottawa he has worked on everything from bathrooms, to kitchens, basements, additions, entire apartment…
- At RenoPlus, we have built our livelihoods on remodeling peoples homes & business. From simple to lavish, we have experienced it all and we can help you every step of the way! No job is too small or too big for our knowledgeable team.
- Michel Madore est un professionnel reconnu pour son expérience, son sérieux, ses compétences et surtout à lécoute des besoins de sa clientèle. Spécialisé dans le domaine de la construction et de la rénovation résidentielle et commerciale, intérieure et extérieure, ayant acquis plus de 25 années dexpérience. Il sengage à…
- Rise N Shine Homes is the areas premiere real estate solutions company, and since our inception we have been helping homeowners and improving communities in each and every city we work in. Through our extensive knowledge of the business, network of resources, and years of expertise, we are able to assist homeowners with a…
- We care about your home construction project needs as much as you do. We believe in conducting business with honesty, integrity & the highest level of service possible.
- My name is Bob Ménard; I have been in the construction business for over 32 years and my company is based in Embrun, Ontario. Our team is made up of different trades. We are accustomed to working together so we have a great team spirit. The men that I choose to work with are all mature family men that share my views on…
- RO-CO Renos Inc. is a general contracting company specializing in home remodeling & interior installation. We provide superior craftsmanship & quality materials to make your dream a reality.
- Residential and Commercial cabinetry and furniture
- Rombough Renovations is a rare gem in the renovation industry. What sets us apart from other companies is our honesty, our integrity and our compassion. Our clients are not "addresses" or "numbers"; Our clients are know by their names! From your first meeting with Owen Rombough, President of the Incorporation, you sense…
- Seasonal Environments is a company that offers general home maintenance, repairs, remodeling, aging-in-place and HVAC services.
- Book your ecological housekeeping in a few clicks using our 100% digital platform !
- S.L.B. Carpentry Services has been providing Carpentry and General Contracting Services for the people of Almonte and surrounding areas for over twenty years.
- Strong Arm Framing & Construction is a company built on strong customer relations and word of mouth advertising. Quality workmanship takes priority in every individual project through our attention to detail and skilled carpentry. Whether you have a construction "problem" or a dream renovation to realize, Strong Arm…
- High quality renovations and custom designs. Trusted and vetted trades as well as a hands on approach makes for a seamless renovation experience.
- The DAngelo family has been in the construction and renovation business for over 5o years! Tony DAngelo is a Master Builder who has trained many carpenters over the years. The DAngelo name and quality construction have been synonymous in the Ottawa area going back to 1958. At DAngelo Construction our work force is…
- Were your premium excavation company in Ottawa. If you need a hole, foundation repair, or snow removal then look no further!When you need the job done, and done right the first time, contact Tremblay Contracting.Our meticulous approach ensures your satisfaction beyond expectations.Whether you need excavation, demolition,…
- Trubuild Construction and Renovations Inc. is a proudly run family business established in 1999
- T.A. Renovations and Construction is a owned and operated business providing the most outstanding workmanship and customer service.
- ValaHome Improvements provides professional home improvement and repair services. We also offer deign services to help you develop your vision.
- Our reputation and a long list of satisfied customers guarantee you peace of mind throughout your projects.
- WAIDT Developments is a General Construction Contractor and Project Manager, our broad experience encompasses a wide spectrum of project types, from small renovations to large scale developments. We offer complete Turn Key service with extensive experience in residential / commercial / industrial construction, remodeling,…
- We provide our clients with high quality renovations through a smooth, efficient and worry free environment.
- Westview Projects specializes in offering construction management services to institutional, commercial and multi residential clients.
- We offer turn-key (one price) solution for all your home renovations needs. For over sixteen years Whitetail Construction, Ltd., has provided the highest standard of home renovations for our clients in Ottawa and surrounding areas. Whitetail Construction Ltd. are experts in both indoor and outdoor construction and you can…
- Winterson Lewis is a full service construction company. We are experts at making your projects go from stressful to successful with one call.
- At Wolfenburg Inc General contracting Ottawa., we dont settle for anything short of the best. We abide by the 3E formula: effective, efficient, and economical. This is the foundation for our business, and our focus on excellence has shaped who we are today.
- We make your dream home a reality. Whether we are finishing a basement, remodeling your kitchen or bathroom, or restoring your home to perfection, you can trust our craft and experience.
- General Home Repairs, Maintenance and Renovations.
- We are a landscape construction company servicing Ottawa and surrounding areas since 2021.
- Mimmo Cement Work is a team of experienced professionals who specialize in parging and parging repairs in the Ottawa and surrounding areas.
